月度归档:2011年11月

利用SSH端口转发实现代理加速

关于SSH动态转发变成Socket代理情况这里就不说了。

本文适用于:

假如你有一台国外的SSH主机C(目的大家都懂~ o(∩∩)o…),自己电脑A用SSH做代理访问C网络状况不佳,时不时丢包,或者速度特别慢的时候。

同时需要主机B,与A和C连接速度都很快,一般是国内主机。

  1. SSH登录B,执行:
    ssh -g -D 9001 C用户@C主机IP
    会自动监听9001端口接受下一步发来的数据。
  2. SSH登录A,执行:
    ssh -g -L 9000:localhost:9001 B用户名@B主机IP
    开启本地端口转发,将会在A主机开启9000端口,发往9000端口的数据会经过SSH隧道转发到B机本地的9001端口,同时B机的ssh会再次把数据转发往第一步的C主机。

然后在A本机设置FireFox或者其他应用程序的Socks代理为127.0.0.1:9000即可上网。

今天网易看到个很搞笑的评论

一伙劫匪在抢劫银行时说了一句至理名言: “通通不许动,钱是国家的,命是自己的!”大家都一声不吭躺倒。劫匪望了一眼躺在桌上四肢朝天的出纳小姐,说:“请你躺文明些!这是劫财,又不是劫色!”劫匪回去后,其中一个新来的硕士劫匪说,老大,我们赶快数一下抢了多少,那老劫匪(小学文化)说:“你傻啊?这么多,你要数到什么时候啊?今天晚上看新闻不就知道了吗。” —-这就叫工作经验,这年头工作经验比学历更重要! 劫匪走后,行长说,赶紧报案!主任刚要走,行长说急忙说:“ 等等!把我们上次私自挪用的那五百万也加上去!”主任说:“要是劫匪每个月都来抢一回就好了”。
—–当天晚上看完新闻后,一帮劫匪开始分钱,
结果大家分到的总数没有电视上报的多。
老大开始怀疑老二,老二怀疑老三….结果内讧开始枪战,
劫匪全死了,枪声引来了警察,案件告破。
——–还是档的干部有水平啊,不动声色就让劫匪全灭。
故事的结局是这样的。
最后, 新闻联播播出:特大抢劫案件也告破,几名劫匪在追捕中当场被击毙,另有500万已被劫匪挥霍,无法追回。行长和局长笑而不语。

OpenVPN几个关键配置

服务端配置文件openvpn.conf

local 你VPS的IP地址
port 1194
proto tcp
dev tun
ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/keys/server.crt
key /etc/openvpn/keys/server.key
dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh1024.pem
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
push “dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8″
push “dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4″
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
persist-key
persist-tun
status /etc/openvpn/keys/openvpn-status.log
verb 4

客户端配置文件*.opvn

client
dev tun
proto tcp
remote 你vps的ip 1194
persist-key
persist-tun
ca ca.crt
cert client01.crt
key client01.key
#这里的两个文件名必须和前面生成的证书文件名一样
ns-cert-type server
comp-lzo
verb 3
redirect-gateway def1

几个重要的转发规则(假设10.8.0.0/24)

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -A FORWARD -m state –state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -s 10.8.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -j REJECT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

云端Xen/LinuxVPS 挂载未使用硬盘教程

原文地址:http://blog.aoyohost.com/mount-lvm-formatted-disk.html

[root@MyVPS ~]# fdisk -l //*查看硬盘分区情况*//

Disk /dev/xvda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/xvda2              14        1044     8281507+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/xvda3            1045        1305     2096482+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/xvdb: 7516 MB, 7516192768 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 913 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/xvdb doesn’t contain a valid partition table
[root@MyVPS ~]#df -hal //*查看已划分区空间使用情况*//
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
9.3G  1.2G  7.7G  13% /
proc                     0     0     0   –  /proc
sysfs                    0     0     0   –  /sys
devpts                   0     0     0   –  /dev/pts
/dev/xvda1             99M   29M   66M  31% /boot
tmpfs                 151M     0  151M   0% /dev/shm
none                     0     0     0   –  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
sunrpc                   0     0     0   –  /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
[root@MyVPS ~]#fdisk /dev/xvdb //*对硬盘/dev/xvdb进行增加分区操作*//
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won’t be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help):n //*输入n新建分区*//
Command action
e   extended
p   primary partition (1-4)
p //*输入p,主分区*//
Partition number (1-4): 1 //*由于xvdb还没有分区.我们这里输入1.第1个分区*//
First cylinder (1-913, default 1)://*回车跳过*//
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-913, default 913)://*回车跳过*//
Using default value 913

Command (m for help): t //*通过t来指定分区系统格式*//
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes):8e //*输入8e LVM系统格式*//
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help):w //*输入w保存退出*//
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@MyVPS ~]#reboot //*重启使之生效*//

Broadcast message from root (pts/0) (Mon Aug 15 00:43:03 2011):

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@MyVPS ~]#
Connection closed by foreign host.

Type `help’ to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
Xshell:>

Connecting to            :22…
Connection established.
Escape character is ‘^@]’.

Last login: Mon Aug 15 00:41:06 2011 from
[root@MyVPS1280 ~]#fdisk -l //*查看硬盘分区情况*//

Disk /dev/xvda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/xvda2              14        1044     8281507+  8e  Linux LVM
/dev/xvda3            1045        1305     2096482+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/xvdb: 7516 MB, 7516192768 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 913 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdb1               1         913     7333641   8e  Linux LVM
[root@MyVPS1280 ~]#pvcreate /dev/xvdb1 //*创建物理卷*//
Physical volume “/dev/xvdb1” successfully created
[root@MyVPS1280 ~]#vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/xvdb1 //*将物理卷加入到组VolGroup2011*//
Volume group “VolGroup00” successfully extended
[root@MyVPS1280 ~]# vgdisplay //*查看物理卷组情况.可以看到我们有6.97G的容量可以扩展*//
— Volume group —
VG Name               VolGroup00
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        3
Metadata Sequence No  6
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                2
Open LV               2
Max PV                0
Cur PV                3
Act PV                3
VG Size               16.81 GB
PE Size               32.00 MB
Total PE              538
Alloc PE / Size       315 / 9.84 GB
Free  PE / Size       223 / 6.97 GB
VG UUID               ONGPxy-HBvY-xrrQ-IjEW-PIiO-2cX7-tg6tuI

[root@MyVPS1280 ~]# lvresize -L +6G /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 //*扩容6G(我们第一次加6G)*//
Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 15.59 GB
Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized
[root@MyVPS1280 ~]#resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 //*动态扩容分区大小*//
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 to 4087808 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is now 4087808 blocks long.

[root@MyVPS1280 ~]# vgdisplay //*查看物理卷组情况.可以看到我们还有992M的容量可以扩展*//
— Volume group —
VG Name               VolGroup00
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        3
Metadata Sequence No  7
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                2
Open LV               2
Max PV                0
Cur PV                3
Act PV                3
VG Size               16.81 GB
PE Size               32.00 MB
Total PE              538
Alloc PE / Size       507 / 15.84 GB
Free  PE / Size       31 / 992.00 MB
VG UUID               ONGPxy-HBvY-xrrQ-IjEW-PIiO-2cX7-tg6tuI

[root@MyVPS1280 ~]# lvresize -L +992M /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 //*扩容992M(我们第2次加992M)*//
Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 16.56 GB
Logical volume LogVol00 successfully resized
[root@MyVPS1280 ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 //*动态扩容分区大小*//
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 to 4341760 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is now 4341760 blocks long.

[root@MyVPS1280 ~]#vgdisplay //*最后再查看扩容完没有 可以看到已经扩容完毕*//
— Volume group —
VG Name               VolGroup00
System ID
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        3
Metadata Sequence No  8
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                2
Open LV               2
Max PV                0
Cur PV                3
Act PV                3
VG Size               16.81 GB
PE Size               32.00 MB
Total PE              538
Alloc PE / Size       538 / 16.81 GB
Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
VG UUID               ONGPxy-HBvY-xrrQ-IjEW-PIiO-2cX7-tg6tuI

[root@MyVPS1280 ~]# df -hal //*查看已划分区空间使用情况 可以看到我们挂载成功*//
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
17G  1.2G   15G   8% /
proc                     0     0     0   –  /proc
sysfs                    0     0     0   –  /sys
devpts                   0     0     0   –  /dev/pts
/dev/xvda1             99M   29M   66M  31% /boot
tmpfs                 151M     0  151M   0% /dev/shm
none                     0     0     0   –  /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
sunrpc                   0     0     0   –  /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
//*S4 Did For AoyoHost*//

linux top命令详解

top命令是Linux下常用的性能分析工具,能够实时显示系统中各个进程的资源占用状况,类似于Windows的任务管理器。下面详细介绍它的使用方法。

top – 01:06:48 up 1:22, 1 user, load average: 0.06, 0.60, 0.48
Tasks: 29
total, 1 running, 28 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 0.3% us, 1.0% sy,
0.0% ni, 98.7% id, 0.0% wa, 0.0% hi, 0.0% si
Mem: 191272k total, 173656k
used, 17616k free, 22052k buffers
Swap: 192772k total, 0k used, 192772k free,
123988k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1379 root 16 0 7976
2456 1980 S 0.7 1.3 0:11.03 sshd
14704 root 16 0 2128 980 796 R 0.7 0.5
0:02.72 top
1 root 16 0 1992 632 544 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.90 init
2 root 34 19 0
0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0
3 root RT 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00
watchdog/0

统计信息区
前五行是系统整体的统计信息。第一行是任务队列信息,同 uptime 命令的执行结果。其内容如下:

01:06:48 当前时间
up 1:22 系统运行时间,格式为时:分
1 user 当前登录用户数
load average:
0.06, 0.60, 0.48 系统负载,即任务队列的平均长度。
三个数值分别为 1分钟、5分钟、15分钟前到现在的平均值。

继续阅读